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Sitka Spruce (Picea sitchensis). North outer coast.
With a highly delimited range, rarely more than 80 km from the north outer coast of the Pacific Northwest, the Sitka Spruce defines a coastal forest biome from Alaska to northern California. Tolerant of salt spray and requiring high nutrient soils, these trees extend inland only along large ocean-flowing rivers. The seedlings do not withstand competition with even mosses and lichens and are not very shade tolerant. Where they grow, however, high moisture and shade supports the growth of mosses and lichens which often cover the forest floor. The solution to this problem for the Sitka Spruce is to sprout and grow on the tops of fallen logs of other trees. Often, while walking through a north coastal forest, one will see a colonnade of Sitka Spruce where seedlings have initiated growth along the top of the same log, avoiding the competition on the forest floor.
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